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Brazil
2004 IDRM Country Report
	Key Factors: Brazil is one of the largest countries in the region, and thus has a large population of people with disabilities. The country's legal framework provides multiple protections for the rights of people with disabilities including Law 7853, which criminalized discrimination based on disability.

Terminology

The Portuguese term "pessoas portadoras de defi ciência", has been translated in this report as "people with disabilities." This comes closer to the meaning of the Portuguese expression as it is used than the literal translation, "persons having an impairment." The term "transtornos mentais" (mental disorders)" has been literally translated from the offi cial documents, and refers to "psycho-social and/or psychiatric disabilities." Also, "doença mental" (mental disease) is used in offi cial documents in lieu of psychiatric disability.

Definition of Disability

Section 3 of Decree 3298/99, which contains the regulatory provisions of Law 7853/89, defines disability as follows: "any loss or abnormality of a psychological, physiological or anatomic function or structure resulting in a lack of ability to perform an activity within the range considered normal for the human being."1

Disability Population

The most recent Brazilian census was conducted in 2000. It found that
14.5% of the Brazilian population, or about 24.5 million people, have some degree of activity/functional limitation.2 This fi gure represents a signifi cant increase from the disability rate of 1.41% reported by the 1991 census. The approach used in the 1991 Census only identifi ed a small portion of the disability population. Because the rate was far different from international estimates, various studies were conducted to understand the reasons for the discrepancy.3 The low number of people with disabilities reported in that census was due to the methodology used to verify the information, the concept of disability, and the restrictive categories used at that time.4

In contrast, the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE) reports that the 2000 census was compatible with the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF), which was released in 2001 by the World Health Organization. The new methodology allowed the IBGE to identify a larger number of people with disabilities through a more comprehensive approach.5 Specifically, persons with mild disabilities were much more likely to be identified by the 2000 census than the 1991 census.6 The questions asked by the 2000 census included:


The largest rate of people with disabilities was found in the Northeast (16.8% of the total population) and the lowest in the Southeast (13.1%).9

A series of press releases issued by IBGE on 20 December 2002 and 27 June 2003, described certain features of the results. The disability rate is higher in small-sized municipalities of up to 20 thousand inhabitants (16.3%) than it is in the largest municipalities (13%). Not only were municipality size differences discovered, but ethnic differences were also found in the disability population. The disability rates for indigenous and black populations are 17.1% and 17.5%, respectively, whereas the disability rates for the white and Asian population are below 14%.10 Overall, the rate of people with disabilities as reported by the IBGE grows with age, rising from 4.3% in 14-year-old children to 54% of the total number of people older than 65.

Among people with disabilities, visual impairments predominate. About 48.1% had visual impairments, 8.3% had mental impairments, 4.1% had physical impairments, 22.9% had mobility impairments, and 16.7% had hearing impairments. Rates of mental disabilities, physical disabilities, and hearing disabilities were higher among men than among women. On the other hand, permanent visual impairment, as well as the use of glasses, was reported by 16.6 million people, more of whom were women than men.11 The predominance of visual disabilities has caused some concern over the methodology and accuracy of the results. Mental disabilities and physical disabilities appear seriously undercounted by the 2000 Brazilian census.12 In the 1991 census, only 9% of persons with disabilities reported having visual impairments while close to 40% reported having a mental disability.13

Legislation & Disability Rights

Legal Protections

Brazil ratified the OAS Inter-American Convention on Disability on 17 July 2001 and deposited the instrument on 15 August 2001. The Brazilian diplomatic mission, in accordance with the Brazilian government, has supported the process to negotiate a UN convention on disability rights. Even though it was not part of the Commission for the Economic and Social Development of the United Nations in 1997, government and NGO delegations worked to support the extension of the Special Rapporteur's mandate.14 Brazil has also included the principles of the Standard Rules in its national legislation.15

At the national level, the primary document protecting the rights of people with disabilities is the Federal Constitution of 1988.16 The Constitution guarantees financial support, social integration, disability prevention, and comprehensive rehabilitation, including health care, educational assistance, and occupational training for people with disabilities. It also prohibits employment discrimination and established a quota for the number of people with disabilities to be hired by the government. Lastly, the Constitution mandates the creation of accessibility standards for public buildings, facilities, and transportation.17

Law 7853, enacted on 24 October 1989, specifically protects the rights of people with disabilities.18 This statute contains provisions regarding the support of people with disabilities, their social integration, and the National Coordination Office for the Integration of People with Disabilities (CORDE). Other protections include:

• Law 10754, enacted on 31 October 2003 and amending Law 8989, which provides that automobile purchases to be used in the transportation of individuals with disabilities and school transportation are exempt from the Tax on Industrialized Products (IPI).
• Law 8213/91, which establishes a quota of employees with disabilities.19 Under this law, a company with one hundred or more employees is required to fill between 2-5% of its positions with rehabilitated employees or employees with disabilities.20
• Law 10048/2000, which gives priority to the assistance of peoplewith disabilities, among other groups, in state agencies and companies that receive concessions from the State.21
  
• Law 10436, enacted on 24 April 2002, which recognizes Brazilian Sign Language (Libras) as a legal means of communication and expression.22
• Law 10216, enacted on 6 April 2001, which provides for the protection of the rights of people with "mental disorders" and establishes a new approach in attempt to shift away from the traditional mental health assistance model.23
• Decree 3298 issued on 20 December 1999, which contains the regulations for Law 7853 and includes provisions on the National Policy for the Integration of People with Disabilities.
• Decree 4360 issued on 5 September 2002, which amended a previous decree regulating the permanent assistance benefit for people with disabilities and the elderly established by Law 8742, enacted on 7 December 1993.24
• Decree 4229 issued on 13 May 2002, which established the National Program on Human Rights. 25
• PNDH II, which contains the policy recommendations of the National Program on Human Rights.26
• Guidelines issued by the Ministry of Justice for the creation of State and Municipal Councils on Disability Rights.27
  

Penalties for non-compliance exist for some of the disability laws. Section 8 of Law 7853/89 makes the violation of the rights of persons with disabilities punishable with fines and imprisonment of one to four years.28 However, the treatment of prejudice against people with disabilities as a crime is not widely recognized or enforced.29 Penalties are also specified for noncompliance with employment laws.30 Fines are being increasingly used by regional labor agencies under the supervision of the Ministry of Labor and Employment. The Attorney General Office of Labor Matters is also involved in the defense of the quota of employment.31

Legal Barriers

Brazilian law provides that a judicial court may find that an individual who, by reason of a mental disability, is unable to make informed decisions concerning actions of civil life may be subject to guardianship. Provisions for guardianship are contained in the Civil Code.32 Section 1769 establishes that proceedings leading to the declaration of legal incapacity may be requested by any relative or the Attorney General's Office.33 When proceedings are requested by the family, the Attorney General's Office represents the person with disabilities in the hearing. When they are requested by the Attorney General, a public defender is appointed.34

Civic Participation

Persons with disabilities have the right to vote like all other citizens. However, disability advocates estimate that on average only 20% of polling places are accessible indicating that major barriers to exercising the right remain. In the 2000 election, the Supreme Electoral Court launched a television advertising campaign explaining the procedures for voting by means of Brazilian Sign Language (LIBRAS).35

In 2002, Brazil introduced electronic ballot boxes. As part of the effort to ensure that these new ballot boxes would improve the voting situation for people with disabilities, the Supreme Electoral Court ordered that, if possible, the electoral justice should adapt voting places to make them accessible to people with disabilities.36 Jurisdictions unable to provide adapted facilities should designate a special voting location. With prior notice, people with disabilities should be provided transportation to these specially adapted facilities to cast their votes.37 The Court also reported that 10,000 electronic ballot boxes would be adapted for use by people who are blind. Those who do not have access to an electronic ballot may sign their paper ballots in writing or in Braille.38

Inclusion

Communication

Braille versions of the Constitution are available at the Senate's Library, in libraries of specialized education centers for the blind, and in other public libraries. However, the government does not communicate its activities in Braille on a regular basis.39 The National Library provides texts in alternative formats, which are updated on a regular basis. Educational materials in Braille are free for elementary school education, although the books in highest demand are only available at special education schools.40 Schools request these materials in Braille from the government.

The Electronic Government Program and Law 10098/2000 require web sites to be accessible.41 The CORDE's website, for instance, is accessible to people who are blind and to users of voice command software.42 In addition, the IBGE web site allows persons who are blind or visually impaired to access the results of the 2000 Census.43 The Brazilian Technical Standards Association (ABNT) has recently created a working team for the development of a technical standard on accessibility to Internet contents for people with disabilities.

There is an electronic network in place for the dissemination of National Disability information, called the "SACI Network" (Rede SACI). Its users include people with different types of disabilities as defined by the network website, as well as families, specialized professionals, government officials, journalists, and educational and research centers. It is mainly focused on Education and Labor issues. Products and services of the SACI Network are free. The Network operates through its website (www.saci.org.br) and at Information and Communal Life Centers (CIC), which are equipped with PCs, adapted software, and special monitors.44

There is a telephone center system with intermediation for people who are deaf that covers 70% of the country. It is also possible to communicate through text messages (SMS) via the mobile telephone service.45

Education

The Constitution establishes equal access to school facilities as one of the basic principles of education.46 However, IBGE's 2000 census findings reveal some serious barriers affecting people with disabilities. Their overall level of achievement in education is consistently below that of the population as a whole. The literacy rate of people aged 15 or over was approximately 87.1% generally, but for people with disabilities the rate was only 72.0%. Out of the total persons over the age of 15 who had three years of education or fewer, 32.9% had some disability. At the regional level, similar trends were observed.

In Brazil, there was nearly universal school attendance for persons aged 7 to 14 (94.5%), but for people with at least one disability, the rate was lower (88.6%), and dropped to 74.9% for children with severe disabilities. The lowest school attendance rate was observed among persons with a permanent physical impairment (61.0%).47 Data on elementary education shows a major difference: the rate of persons with disabilities completing eighth grade, thus achieving the nationally mandated level of education, is only 10%.

The Act on National Education Guidelines and Bases (Section 58 and following sections) defines special education as the education provided to people with disabilities.48 It also specifies that, if possible, children with disabilities should be included within the framework of regular schools.49 Although a national policy requires schools to be accessible, only an estimated 20% of the schools meet this requirement. Ministry of Education facilities are accessible to wheelchair users.

Special school enrollment figures are the only reliable data available on the distribution of students with disabilities. Based on these figures, around half of all students with disabilities attend special schools. Most of the remaining students are either taught in integrated classrooms or in special classes within regular schools. A much smaller number study at home or in separate residential schools. Elementary schooling for people with disabilities and special schools are available in the main cities and most of the towns.50 In rural areas specialized assistance for people with disabilities that is provided in ordinary classes is often insufficient, causing many people with disabilities to migrate to large towns.51

There are no data on students with disabilities in high school because this level of education is not mandatory. People with disabilities normally do have access to high school, and in the case of sensory impairments, they usually receive education in specialized schools.52

With regard to continuing education, the government of the State of Sao Paulo has established a digital inclusion program. Among the efforts of this program is the creation of a CD-ROM intended to increase the Brazilian Sign Language (Libras) vocabulary of people with hearing disabilities.53

A program for the detection of sensory impairments is available in elementary schools, and between 20 and 40% of schools participate.54 Children with sensory impairments are referred to educational support centers to supplement their regular education. The Ministry of Health has an early intervention program to detect phenylketonuria, congenital hypothyroidism, haemoglobinopathies, including sickle cell disease and thalassemia, and hearing problems in newborn infants.55

Teachers are routinely trained in providing education to people with disabilities and special education is available as a focus area. Teachers wishing to receive postgraduate training in special education can attend public and private teaching institutions.

Employment

According to the 2002 census, of the 66.6 million people aged 10 or over who make up the working population of the country, 9 million are people with disabilities.56 The census found that the overall employment rate of people with disabilities is lower than that among people without disabilities. The rate of employment for people without disabilities is just under 50% while the rate for people with disabilities is about 10% lower. People with mental disabilities have the lowest rate of employment with only 19.3%. People with other types of disabilities have somewhat better rates of insertion in the employment market: physical or mobility disabilities (24.8%), hearing disabilities (34.0%), and visual disabilities (40.8%). Of the 9 million people with disabilities employed at the time of the census, 5.6 million were men and 3.5 million were women. Thus, almost 52% of men with disabilities have work while only 27.3% of women with disabilities are employed.

Not only are fewer people with disabilities employed, they are also more likely than the population as a whole to earn less than the minimum wage. While 29.5% of people with disabilities reported earning less than the minimum wage, the figure dropped to 22.4% for people without disability.57 Although the 2002 census reported that employment is about 10% lower among people with disabilities, the 1991 census reported an employment rate for people with disabilities that was slightly more than 20% below that of the general population.58 Other government offices estimate that the unemployment rate for people with disabilities is two to three times higher than the general unemployment rate.59

Some employers are in compliance with the requirements of Law 8213/91. For example, Carrefour, the largest private employer in Brazil, has a specific non-discrimination policy for people with disabilities and has implemented a priority job application system.60 The Government is also required to comply with a quota of employees with disabilities.61 To set the standard, the Special Secretary for Human Rights established that 5% of high-level positions in its office must be filled by persons with disabilities. The CORDE reports that the office is complying with this rule.62 In general, however, the main barriers to employment for people with disabilities are the lack of awareness and accessible transportation, the low level of education and training, and employer refusal to provide reasonable accommodation.63

Health Services

The Single Health System covers healthcare and rehabilitation services for people with disabilities. The Ministry of Health finances rehabilitation for people with hearing, visual, mobility, and mental disabilities and also provides prosthetics and orthotics. In 2003-2004, priority was given to the Amazonian region. Various levels of government also provide free technical aids. Capital cities and municipalities implement regional rehabilitation programs, as well as prosthesis and orthotics provision programs. Overall, the state provides 90% of the rehabilitation services.64

The Supplementary Health Agency (ANS) is in charge of regulating private health and similar services, and must ensure the inclusion of people with disabilities and prevent discrimination against people with disabilities. Measures aimed at preventing discrimination against persons with disabilities have been taken by the National Council on Disability Rights (CONADE).65

There are some isolated community-based rehabilitation programs in Brazil and the current government has proposed the implementation of a community-based rehabilitation strategy in partnership with the Family Health Program.66

Health professionals who have access to training in the care of people with disabilities include medical doctors, pediatricians and nurses. Physicians may receive such training before and after they acquire a medical degree. Some of these training programs are at an early stage of development,67 and among the 96 medical schools existing in the country, less than 20 offer Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation training. There are about 30 vacancies per year in post-graduate courses, medical residencies, and specialization courses. About 850 physiatrists work in Brazil.68

Housing

Independent living pilot programs, which are funded by multiple sources, have been implemented in Rio de Janeiro, Paraná, and Goias. There are no home purchasing subsidies for people with disabilities.69

Institutionalization

The institutionalization of people with disabilities without their consent sometimes occurs in the cases of people with disabilities who have been abandoned by their families, primarily those with severe mobility impairments70

and there is no mechanism for reporting incidences of abuse in these institutions. However, there is a mechanism for reporting incidences of death of persons with disabilities. Once the death is verified, the Division of Health Statistics and Epidemiology of the Ministry of Health must follow up on each case.71

Accessibility

National Law 10098 requires that public buildings be accessible and establishes general accessibility guidelines in that area.72 Ultimately, accessibility is defined as allowing the safe and independent use of all public facilities, transportation and communication systems. Accessibility manuals have been issued by the Brazilian Technical Standards Association73 and EMBRATUR, the Brazilian Tourism Institute.74 An informal survey conducted by the IDRM research team, however, found that only about 10% of public buildings are accessible.

In 2002, CORDE and the Federal Engineering and Architecture Council trained about 800 architecture and engineering professionals in the principles of universal design and accessibility for people with disabilities.75

Some major cities and areas, such as Porto Alegre, Curitiba, Sao Paulo, and Goiania, provide accessible public transportation systems and parallel door-to-door services.76 Law 8899/94 provides for the free inter-state transportation of people with disabilities.77

Culture, Sports, & Recreation

The Ministry of Sports supports organizations that encourage the participation of persons with disabilities in sports activities. The Ministry reports that this support has increased the quality and quantity of Brazil's athletes with disabilities.

Disability Action & Awareness

There are two organizations concerned with disability issues: the National Coordination Office for the Integration of People with Disabilities (CORDE) and the National Council on Disability Rights (CONADE). Both agencies report to the Special Human Rights Secretary of the President's Office.

The office is also in charge of promoting the exercise of citizenship by people with disabilities. Based on CORDE's recommendations, Brazil has implemented a national action plan aimed at the inclusion of people with disabilities. The CORDE is comprised of 15 technical professionals, of whom three are wheelchair users, one has reduced mobility, and one is deaf. The annual budget for CORDE is approximately US$ 2,000,000.78 The office's two main objectives are establishing disability policies and regulatory measures for action at the federal level and coordinating public policies that exist at different levels of government (national and others).

The CONADE is composed of representatives from government ministries and civil society (federations and groups representing people with different kinds of disabilities, as well as cross-disability groups). The mission of the Council is to evaluate the implementation of the National Policy for the Integration of People with Disabilities and the sectoral policies on education, health, employment, social welfare, transportation, culture, tourism, sports, and recreation, as well as urban policies targeted at this social group.79

For the effective defense of the rights of people with disabilities, there needs to be more cooperation between the Attorney General's Office, the Executive Branch, and disability organizations.80 There are currently about 1,000 governmental and non-governmental agencies promoting disability rights all of which are funded by the Ministry of Social Welfare's SEAS network.81



A Brazilian advocate delivering pamphlets during the National Day of People With Disabilities Struggle in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

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Footnotes:

1. Decree 3298, 20 December 1999, http://www.mj.gov.br/sedh/dpdh/corde/dec3298.htm.

2. Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics, http://www.ibge.gov.br/.

3. Izabel Madeira de Loureiro Maior (General Coordinator of the National Coordination Offi ce for the Integration of People with Disabilities - CORDE).

4. Ana Maria de Resende Chagas Renato Baumgratz Viotti, Retrato da pessoa com defi ciência no Brasil segundo o censo de 1991, [Portrait of People with Disabilities in Brazil, 1991 Census]Brasilia, August 2003, http://www.ipea.gov.br/pub/td/2003/td_0975.pdf.

5. IBGE, Comunicação Social [Social Communication], 8 May 2002, http://www.ibge.gov.br/.

6. Center of Social Policies, Retratos da Deficiencia no Brazil [Portrait of disability in Brazil], Getulio Vargas Foundation, (2003), http://www.fgv.br/cps/deficiencia_br/PDF/PPD_Sumario_ Executivo.pdf.

7. Decree 3298/99, Mental disability in this context means, as defined by Decree 3298/99, "a functional intellectual capacity, significantly below the average, evidenced before the age of 18 and accompanied by limitations related to two or more areas of adaptive abilities, such as communication, personal care, social skills, utilization of community resources, health and safety, functional learning abilities, leisure, and work."

8. Decree 3298/99.

9. IBGE, Comunicação Social.

10. Ibid.

11. Ibid.

12. Carlos Roberto Miranda, Oportunidades de Trabalho Para Portadores de Deficiencia [Opportunities to Work for People with Disabilities], http://www.saudeetrabalho.com.br/ download/oportunidades-miranda.doc.

13. IBGE, Census of Brazil, 1991.

14. Izabel Madeira de Loureiro Maior.

15. OAS, Inter-American Convention On The Elimination Of All Forms Of Discrimination Against Persons With Disabilities, http://www.oas.org/main/main.asp?sLang=E&sLink=http://www.oas. org/documents/eng/documents.asp.

16. Izabel Madeira de Loureiro Maior.

17. Federal Constitution of 1988, http://www.senado.gov.br/bdtextual/const88/Con1988br.pdf.

18. Law 7853, Presidência da República Subchefia para Assuntos Jur?dicos, 24 October 1989, http://www.planalto.gov.br/CCIVIL/Leis/L7853.htm.

19. Law 8213, 24 July 1991, http://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/Leis/L8213cons.htm. Companies with between 100 and 200 employees must hire 2%; companies with 201-500 employees must hire 3%; those with 501-1000 employees must hire 4%, and companies with over 1,000 employees must hire 5%.

20. Report of the Attorney General Office in Labor matters on the insertion of people with disabilities in the labor market. Ed. No.5. (Brazil, February 2002), http://www.pgt.mpt.gov.br/ ascom/infespecial/indexInfEspec5anexo3.htm.

21. Law 10048, 9 November 2000, http://www.pgj.ce.gov.br/centros/caogsdat/Lei10048.DOC.

22. Law 10436, 24 April 2002, http://www.mj.gov.br/sedh/dpdh/corde/pl4857.htm#10436.

23. Law 10216, 6 April 2001, http://www.mj.gov.br/sedh/dpdh/corde/lei10216.htm.

24. Decree 4360, http://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/decreto/2002/D4360.htm. Benefits were first established by Law 8742, enacted on 7 December 1993 and regulated by Section 36 of Decree 1744, issued on 8 December 1995.

25. National Program on Human Rights, http://www.mj.gov.br/sedh/pndh/.

26. National Program on Human Rights, PNDH II (2002), http://www.mj.gov.br/sedh/pndh/pndhII/ Texto%20Integral%20PNDH%20II.pdf.

27. Conselho Nacional dos Direitos da Pessoas Portadora de Deficiênca [National Council on Disability Rights], (Brasilia: Ministério da Justiça, O Conselho, 2002)21.

28. Law 7853/89, http://www.planalto.gov.br/CCIVIL/Leis/L7853.htm.

29. Izabel Madeira de Loureiro Maior.

30. Law 8213, 24 July 1991, http://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/Leis/L8213cons.htm.

31. Ibid.

32. Theotonio Negrão,Commented Civil Code, http://www.tabelionatomanica.com.br/tutela.htm.

33. Ibid.

34. Ibid.

35. Izabel Madeira de Loureiro Maior.

36.Resolution 20997, Federal District Brasilia, 26 February 2002.

37. Supreme Electoral Court, (Press release), Brasilia, 08 March 2002, http://www.tre-ms.gov. br/noticias/noticia26.html.

38. Resolution 20997.

39. Izabel Madeira de Loureiro Maior.

40. "Conheça o acervo em braile da Biblioteca do Senado", Rede SACI, 16 June 2004, http://www. saci.org.br/.

41. Federal Law 10098/2000, Brasilia, 19 December 2000, http://www.pgj.ce.gov.br/centros/ caogsdat/Lei10098.doc.

42. Izabel Madeira de Loureiro Maior.

43. IBGE, Comunicação Social.

44. Rede SACI, http://www.saci.org.br/index.php?modulo=akemi&parametro=1568.

45. Izabel Madeira de Loureiro Maior.

46. Commented Civil Code, Theotonio Negrão.

47. IBGE, Comunicação Social (Social Communication), 27 June 2003.

48. Law 9394, 20 December 1996, http://www.capes.gov.br/Documentos/Legislacao/Lei_9394_ Diretrizes_Bases_1996.doc.

49. Izabel Madeira de Loureiro Maior.

50. Ibid.

51. Ibid.

52. Ibid.

53. Deficientes auditivos ganham dicionário digital, Panorama Brasil, São Paulo-P, 27 September 2002.

54. Ibid.

55. Sheila Miranda da Silva (National Health Coordinator for People with Disabilities of the Ministry of Health in charge of Health Policies for People with Disabilities).

56. This figure includes both those working for remuneration as well as those engaged in regular but unpaid economic activities.

57. IBGE, Comunicação Social.

58. IBGE, Census of Brazil, 1991.

59. Ibid.

60. Carrefour, http://www.carrefour.com.br/carrefour/carreiras.asp.

61. Izabel Madeira de Loureiro Maior.

62. Ibid.

63. Ibid.

64. Sheila Miranda da Silva and Izabel Madeira de Loureiro Maior.

65. Ibid.

66. Ibid.

67. Ibid.

68. Sheila Miranda da Silva.

69. Izabel Madeira de Loureiro Maior.

70. Izabel Madeira de Loureiro Maior.

71. Sheila Miranda da Silva.

72. Law 10098, 19 December 2000, http://www.saci.org.br/?modulo=akemi&parametro=17.

73. Brazilian Technical Standards Association, NBR 9050: 1994, Acessibilidade de pessoas portadoras de deficiência a edificações, espaço mobiliário e equipamento urbano / Associação Brasileira de Normas Técnicas - ABNT [Access of People with Disabilities to Buildings and Urban Spaces, Furnishings and Equipment / Brazilian Technical Standards Association - ABNT], (Rio de Janeiro, 1997).

74. Brazilian Tourism Institute, Manual de Recepção e Acessibilidade de Pessoas Portadoras de Deficiência a Empreendimentos e Equipamentos Tur?siticos, (Embratur, 1999), www.embratur. gov.br.

75. Izabel Madeira de Loureiro Maior.

76. Ibid.

77.Law 8899, 29 June 1994, http://www.pgj.ce.gov.br/centros/caogsdat/Library/Lei8899-94.doc.

78. Izabel Madeira de Loureiro Maior.

79. CONADE, http://www.mj.gov.br/sedh/ct/CONADE/index.asp.

80. Izabel Madeira de Loureiro Maior.

81. Ibid.